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Egypt, situated in North Africa, is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east. It also extends into the Sinai Peninsula in Asia. As the second-largest country in North Africa after Nigeria, Egypt shares borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Palestine and Israel to the northeast. Located in the Middle East,  Egypt boasts a unique blend of culture and history, known as the cradle of civilization.
Egypt's ancient history dates back to around 5000 BCE, with the establishment of Lower and Upper Egypt kingdoms. Officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, it consists of 29 governorates known as "muhafazas." In addition to the capital, Cairo, other significant cities include Alexandria, Luxor, Abu Simbel, Aswan, Port Said, Suez, Damietta, Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, Dahab, Marsa Matruh, and Marsa Alam.
With a population of approximately 56 million, Arabic is the official language of Egypt, and the currency used is the Egyptian Pound. The country's economy is primarily based on livestock, agriculture, and tourism. While the limited rainfall restricts arable land, agriculture in the Nile Valley provides a significant portion of the country's income.
Cotton, a major agricultural product, has a crucial role in terms of Egypt's exports. For mining, Egypt is rich in resources like phosphate, manganese, zinc, and gold. Tourism is a primary source of income, attracting visitors not only for its cultural and religious treasures but also for landmarks like the Pyramids of Giza, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, royal tombs, and sphinxes.
Historical remnants from various civilizations, including the Mamluks, Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottomans, are showcased in the country's mosques, madrasas, and historic inns. Until 1980, Egypt ranked among the world's least developed economies, but since then, it has rapidly progressed, becoming one of Africa's most prosperous nations.
Egypt experiences a desert climate with extremely hot and dry summers, while winters are relatively cooler. The period between May and October is characterized by intense heat, whereas November to April offers more comfortable temperatures. The scorching summer heat can reach over 40 degrees Celsius in the shade. Despite its desert climate, the Sinai Mountains offer relief from oppressive temperatures. The hamsin winds, extending from the Sahara to the Delta, occur during seasonal transitions and can lead to sand and dust storms.
Being a Muslim country, Egypt places great importance on celebrating religious holidays, in addition to a few other festivals. The International Nile Children's Song Festival in January and the Pharaoh's Rally Festival in October are among the notable events. The country's unique cultural heritage and its reflection in traditional Egyptian cuisine captivate tourists' interest.
Fish restaurants and markets are abundant in Egypt, and small kiosks near these markets offer the option to cook the fish you buy at affordable prices. The renowned mezze "Ful Medames" is often served alongside fish. "Koshary," a popular dish made with pasta, lentils, rice, chickpeas, and tomato sauce, is a staple. Street vendors offer sugarcane juice, a must-try in Egypt's tropical fruit-rich cuisine.